Through this governmental structure, the Sapa-Inca could rule the empire with impunity. Each province was controlled by a local governor called the apu below him were the local rulers - the curacas, and even lower still the district headsmen - the camayoc. The Inca called their empire Tahuantinsuyu ("Land of the Four Quarters"), which was divided into four provinces. The gods held sway with these events and thus the proper respect had to be paid at all times.
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The world of the Andes Mountains is full of ecological wonders and ecological disasters: Earthquakes, severe storms, and volcanic activity. Grand ceremonies were held frequently to honor these gods, for the Inca believed that if one did not give thanks and obedience to the gods, bad things would happen. Their pantheon contained such lofty omnipotents as Viracocha (the god of creation), Inti (the sun and father of the Inca Dynasty), Illapa (god of rain, thunder, and lightening), Pacha Mama (mother of the earth), and Mama Cocha (mother of the lakes). Like many other groups that preceded the Inca (the Chimu, the Nazca, the Moche), Incan society was heavily dipped in the worship of powerful gods. A great military strategist, an architect, a skilled diplomat and a gifted religious philosopher, his teachings are still practiced by many Andeans today. Though not the first Incan ruler, Pachacuti was by many accounts one of the finest Pre-Columbian persons that ever lived. He then turned his army south and conquered the Colla and Lupaca tribes.
From there, he consolidated his control over his cultural base, Cuzco, then moved north into the Urubamba Valley, which extended beyond the site where the lost city of Mach Picchu was later built. Pachacuti won his first military campaign against the Chanca people, where he refused to retreat despite insurmountable odds. In just a short time (roughly 100 years), the Incan empire dominated South America and is, to this day, considered one of the finest empires the world has ever known.īeginning with the ninth ruler, Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the Inca began their expansion. In time, the Inca built an empire that spanned the Pacific coast (as far south as Argentina and as far north as Ecuador), some 2,000 miles of hills, mountains, valleys and coastline. Yet, though their purpose for settling such a rugged and inhospitable landscape was unclear, the end result of their arrival is without doubt. Hundreds of years ago, a group of people calling themselves the Inca settled the Cuzco Valley high in the Andes Mountains of South America. They also begin the game with a regular Scout and may build their unique Chasqui Scout units thereafter. They start the game with Pottery and Masonry. In Civilization III: Conquests, the Incans are considered to be an expansionist and agricultural civilization.